एक बूँद सहसा उछल जाती है, और रुके हुए पानी में गतिमान तरंग बनती हैं.. एक ऐसा ही प्रयास है यह....
Monday, December 15, 2025
Book Review: Deep Work by Cal Newport
Sunday, December 7, 2025
Explore the Future Now: Mind-Blowing Science & Technology Book Picks from The Seen and the Unseen Podcast
"The Seen and the Unseen" is India's premier long-form podcast hosted by Amit Varma. The podcast, which has been running since 2017, features long-form conversations with intellectuals, writers, economists, historians, and thought leaders from India and around the world.
Genetics, Evolution, and Human Nature
- Lifespan: Why We Age—and Why We Don’t Have To — David Sinclair
- Hacking Darwin — Jamie Metzl
- Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters — Matt Ridley
- The Evolution of Everything: How New Ideas Emerge — Matt Ridley
- The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation — Matt Ridley
- Who We Are and How We Got Here — David Reich
- The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature — Steven Pinker
Nutrition, Health, and Science Critique
- The Case Against Sugar — Gary Taubes
- The Big Fat Surprise — Nina Teicholz
Environmental Science and Nature
- The Moth Snowstorm: Nature and Joy — Michael McCarthy
- The Hidden Life of Trees — Peter Wohlleben
- The Genius of Birds — Jennifer Ackerman
- H Is for Hawk — Helen Macdonald
Neuroscience, Psychology, and Behavior
- Behave — Robert M. Sapolsky
- Everybody Lies — Seth Stephens-Davidowitz
- The Tell-Tale Brain — V. S. Ramachandran
- Enlightenment Now — Steven Pinker
History, Philosophy, and Science Studies
- Leviathan and the Air-Pump — Steven Shapin & Simon Schaffer
- Birth of a Theorem — Cédric Villani
- A Terrible Beauty — Peter Watson
- Merchants of Doubt — Naomi Oreskes & Erik M. Conway
Saturday, December 6, 2025
100 Life Changing Advice for Youths: Small Shifts, Big Impact
- Manners maketh the man. Hugs and handshakes, give them like you mean it.Never shake a man’s hand sitting down. When shaking hands, grip firmly and look them in the eye.
- Respect personal space, listen with full attention, and let others finish before you respond. Listening is a superpower that builds trust, reveals hidden needs, and deepens every relationship.
- Hold your heroes to a higher standard.
- Play games with passion and honesty or don’t play at all.
- Be confident and humble in your good or bad times.
- Shame is a sign of an honorable man.
- Vulnerability is okay and isn't anything to be ashamed about.
- Don’t take criticism from people you wouldn’t take advice from.
- Don’t make decisions when you are feeling emotional. Literally, sleep on it!
- Being able to admit you were wrong or made a mistake is respectable.
- The ability to resist impulse will be a big predictor of your future success.
- If you are too afraid of doing something, then do it scared. Embarrassment is the cost of entry.
- Don’t let trolling steal your peace. Most trolls feed on reaction, not reason. Your silence can be stronger than their words. Protect your mental space and choose dignity over debate.
- Comparison kills joy. Run your race, ignore the crowd; greatness is personal, not a popularity contest.
- The best life skill you can develop is to stop being afraid of failure or rejection.
- Mental strength is built in the moments you choose discipline over comfort and reflection over reaction.
- Have a tolerance for uncertainty. This is the most valuable human trait.
- Make it a habit to respect people without knowing their qualifications, title or position.
- Tough times don’t last, but tough people do. Endurance is under appreciated quality.
- Life is tough for all, but it is a lot tougher if you’re stupid. Learn from yours and other mistakes.
- Every man has to go through a phase in life where nothing matters to him. Be like a duck during this. Remain calm on the surface and paddle like crazy underneath.
- Life is not fair. Society or Workspace does not operate with concepts of justice or fairness. But better to migrate from unjust places.
- Show up in people’s bad times, even if you have no perfect words to offer. Your quiet presence and reliability matter more than charm.
- Buy fewer clothes but wear the highest quality.
- When entrusted with a secret, keep it. Don't gossip.
- Quit porn. The damage it does to your brain is too great of a cost.
- Never turn down a breath mint. Return a borrowed car and bike with a full tank.
- Screen time steals dreams if unchecked. Log off to live. real wins happen offline.
- Invest in your health by making good choices about nutrition and fitness. Eat premium food, not junk.
- Don’t underestimate the importance of sleep. Upgrade your mattress. Sleep changes everything.
- Take 10 minutes a day and clean a different part of your house. Do this every day until it’s a habit.
- Don't “brag” about staying up late, having strange eating habits, or being able to consume a large number of drugs. These bad habits will haunt you in your 30s.
- Treat fitness as a daily habit, not a phase. Fitness turns the impossible into “just hard,” and makes the hardest things you face feel possible.
- Don’t lie to yourself. Lying to self is most injurious to the growth and character.
- Be ambitious and set goals in life.
- Talent is overrated. Don't be caught in the trap of potential and talent.
- Passion may light a fire, but it takes hard work and discipline to keep the flame alive and produce genuine results.
- Visualization and Manifestation are the next steps for success after hard work.
- Everything that happens shapes you. Reflect regularly on how.
- Time magnifies the margin between success and failure. It will multiply whatever you feed it. Good habits make time your ally. Unhealthy habits make time your enemy.
- Read long-form, think slowly, and practice one hard skill deeply instead of chasing every trend.
- No matter how mundane the job is, do it properly.
- Be highly skilled at your job and mentor the juniors.
- See every situation as an opportunity to grow, not something you’re entitled to receive.
- To be successful in life, make yourself irreplaceable.
- Trust, Advice and Secrecy of others' opinions in professional space is a hidden moat.
- After writing an angry email or social media post, read it carefully. Then delete it.
- When you show up late, it tells people that you think your time is more important than theirs.
- If you study to remember, you’ll forget. If you study to understand, you’ll remember.
- Not everything in your brain needs to come out of your mouth or appear on your social media posts.
- Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity. It's not about sitting idle or facing bad times; it's about building and upskilling for what's next.
- Avoid the cheap dopamine hit of announcing everything to people. Life is easier when no one knows your goals. Only in silence, a person can grind and fix himself.
- Do not live outside your means. Understand basics of saving, debt, compounding, and taxation early.
- Someone else is happier with less than what you have.
- As a man, take your financials very seriously. The world is very cruel to a poor man. Make a lot of money so that you can walk away from toxic workplaces comfortably.
- Hire a helper for household chores. Buy back your time.
- Set an automatic amount of money to be saved and then start expenses. Create habit of saving & investments from young age.
- Invest in experiences, not just stuff. Memories from learning, travel, service, and shared moments compound in value in a way objects never can.
- Surround yourself with high‑value people—those who think deeply, act with integrity, and push you to grow. The quality of your circle quietly sets the ceiling on your habits, your standards, and your future.
- Community, health, and relationships are the real markers of wealth. A strong body, a calm mind, and people who show up for you in both crisis and celebration are assets no market crash can erase.
- Upgrade your financial adviser. The one who got you here won't get you to the next level.
- Keep your debt in check. It gets easier as you get older, but not having a ton of debt is amazing.
- Money may not be able to purchase happiness, but it undeniably brings comfort — and comfort is an essential part of a good life, particularly in old age.
- There are two things in life. Things you need, and things you want. You need a roof over your head, food in your stomach, and someone else to go through life with. Everything else is a want. Work for the things you want. But live for the things you need.
- Experience the serenity of traveling alone and living in another culture.
- If you’re going to another place, then take time to research the big differences in any laws you’re used to and learn to say Hello, Goodbye, Please, and Thank You.
- Spend money to go to new places like China.
- With books unread, muscles untrained, and thousands of skills untouched - if you're bored, you're not even trying.
- Read outside your comfort zone, watch world cinema, listen to the diverse music and immerse oneself in diverse cultures matter not because they are recreational, but because they are acts of de-centering: they shift you out of the invisible architecture of your own conditioning.
- Write down your dreams and reflect regularly on how everything that happens shapes you—journaling your experiences turns raw life into wisdom, helping you process emotions, track growth, and uncover patterns for better decisions. This practice builds self-awareness and resilience, essential for personal development.
- Spend money on going to new places, even far ones like China, because seeing how other societies live, work, and innovate gives you an edge no book can match. In a fast‑changing world, this kind of exposure rewires your thinking, shows you new possibilities, and keeps you from getting trapped in a narrow local mindset.
- Stand up to bullies. Protect those bullied.
- Don’t be mean to your dog or pet. He’s a few years of your life, but you are all of his.
- You have a lot of pride and want to accomplish everything by yourself, but whenever you’re in need and everyone around you has let you down. You can always come back home in any crisis.
- Giving is most powerful when it costs you attention, time, and effort; money can support people, but your presence and efforts can truly change them.
- Even small gestures of kindness can have a lasting positive impact. Always be open to helping others, even strangers.
- In all things, led by example. Give credit to the team. Take the blame as a leader.
- Nobody does anything without help. People open doors for me, just as I open them for you. It doesn’t make you any less of a man to walk through them.
- Build relationships by volunteering before networking; when you help others in personal or professional settings without needing anything in return, your character speaks louder than any business card.
- Nobody, and I mean nobody, will ever have your back like your parents do. Believe it.
- Your parents did the best they could with what they’ve been taught. Forgive them & move on.
- Call your parents. Spend time with them. You don’t have as much time with them as you think.
- Fatherhood differs entirely from motherhood. A father may accept being loved less, but never at the cost of his principles, and deep down, he cannot bear to see his son grow weak.
- Your family heritage defines your foundational identity—lean on it during trials, honor it through actions, but forge chosen bonds (like true friends) that transcend blood ties.
- Take the time to enjoy the little/quiet/everyday moments with your kids. They grow up really fast. It’s easy to remember the big events, milestones and vacations. But those small moments of sharing ice cream on a summer day or sitting outside looking at the stars together…those are magic. Don’t overlook them.
- You deserve what you consistently accept, not what you secretly hope for. Set clear boundaries and act on red flags like disrespect, manipulation or neglect early. Don't be caught in a toxic relationship.
- Practice saying no politely and confidently to protect your boundaries, whether facing peer pressure or professional requests.
- Most relationships can be maintained & improved by investing the time and having clear communication. If you can’t have difficult conversations with someone you love and trust, you won’t be successful.
- Identify who your good friends are and make an effort to stay in contact with them. You don’t need a whole ton of friends, so it is almost always better to have 2 or 3 close friends than a bunch of loose acquaintances.
- Recognizes that friendship and loyalty may require sacrifice of the soul but doesn’t tread lightly across the line separating what’s legally correct and what’s ethically mandated.
- You marry the girl; you marry her family. Respect is the way forward.
- If you marry, marry someone because they are your best friend, you share a common philosophy on life, have common values, and want common goals in your future. Don’t marry someone primarily because you think they’re good-looking.
- Accepting each other’s authentic selves - strengths, flaws, fears, and boundaries - is a sign of the maturity.
- Cheating doesn’t start with adultery; it starts the moment you choose secrecy over honesty and protecting temptation over protecting the person who trusts you.
- Don’t expect your 20s to be great. It’s normal to be unhappy, feel lonely, and make lots of mistakes.
- Never trust anyone whose flaws you can’t see. It means they’re hidden deep. Keep your distance from manipulators or those who pressure you into wrongdoing,
- If you are not where you want to be in life, it's your own damn fault. Don’t blame others for what you don’t have. Get up and go get it.
- Don’t worry about what other people are thinking about you, because everyone is only thinking about themselves.
- Popularity fades, girls aren’t worth it until after college, money is better than video games, you can't stop smoking or drinking anytime you feel like, life won’t just fall into place, and you have to go out and make your life better.
- Life doesn’t end at 25 or 30. If you haven’t done or seen or enjoyed all the things you think you should have in your 20’s it’s fine. There’s a whole lot more life left to do it.
- One day, people will remember you for the last time. And then they will forget you forever.
Tuesday, December 2, 2025
Book Review: Hitch 22: A Memoir by Christopher Hitchens
Hitch-22 - Some Confessions and Contradictions: A Memoir - Christopher Hitchens
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Highly Recommended
One of the leading U.S. critics of the 20th century,
Lionel Trilling noted long ago - "Intellectuals have tended to embrace an
'adversary culture’: standing against the state, against the market, against
the establishment, against anything and everything but themselves. Conciliation
and Compromise do not come naturally to them."
Christopher Hitchens exemplifies Lionel Trilling's "adversary culture" to an extreme degree, earning a 10/10 rating who relentlessly critiqued the power structures - British monarchy, U.S. imperialism in Vietnam, Islamic Fatwa on Salman Rushdie, Mother Teresa's piety, Henry Kissinger's realpolitik and post-9/11 "Islamofascism" - often aligning against consensus on both left and right. Who was Christopher Hitchens? Christopher Hitchens (1949–2011) was a British American author, public intellectual and journalist known for his sharp polemics on politics, religion and culture.
Hitch-22 stands as an exceptional memoir - topical, incisive, witty, and profoundly revealing - demanding your time and rewarding it richly. His memoir is more than a biography; it's an invitation to dive into the brilliant and controversial mind of Christopher Hitchens. Hitchens reflects upon the intricate tapestry of his life—the friendships forged and alliances fractured, the ideological battles fought and noble causes surrendered, the missteps taken and doubts that shadowed his convictions. The book is eminently readable, with many anecdotal details put in with figures like Bill Clinton, Margaret Thatcher, Martin Amis and others, illustrating his life and worldview.
The book opens with his memories of early childhood
moving between locations like Malta, Scotland and later Portsmouth in England
due to his father's career as a Royal Navy commander. The book traces his
stay at the boarding school in Cambridge, where he encountered strict religious
indoctrination that he later associated with authoritarianism and rejected
early on.
Hitchens began his career as a foreign correspondent and
journalist. The book covers Christopher
Hitchens' travels to various global hotspots like Northern Ireland,
Greece, Cyprus, Argentina, Portugal, Bosnia, Cuba, Prague
(Czechoslovakia) and Afghanistan. to expose dictatorships and even to Athens (Greece) to claim his
mother's body amid anti-junta demonstrations. These
visits shaped his views on tyranny, exile and resistance.
The memoir clears mark his introduction into
politics at Balliol College, Oxford through the radical left in the 1960s and
1970s, but over time he grew distant with much of the organized left. Hitchens chronicles his gradual break from the
traditional left, starting with the Soviet crackdown in Czechoslovakia, the
Rushdie fatwa in 1989, accelerating over Bosnia and culminating
post-9/11 with Iraq support.
In his memoirs, Christopher Hitchens frames the Satanic
Verses fatwa episode as symbolic of a cultural and political conflict where
parts of the left offered insufficient support against religious
authoritarianism. The left in England was divided about fully championing
Rushdie due to the delicate balance between free speech and respect for
religious identity. In contrast, Hitchens and like-minded defenders emerged as
vocal advocates for literary freedom against the threat of religious fanaticism.
The book details his longstanding support for Kurdish
self-determination and autonomy against Saddam Hussein's regime. He recounts
visits to Kurdish areas in the 1990s, witnessing atrocities like chemical
attacks, which fueled his advocacy and later Iraq War stance.
Hitch-22 was Hitchens' last book, his autobiography, considered the best for those who align with his unapologetic views and his dismissal of faith-based arguments. Shortly after publishing of the book, he left the world due to esophageal
cancer in 2011. But his autobiography, Hitch-22 offers a
revealing glimpse into a turbulent and inspiring life. The
book is testament to his encyclopedic intellect and unorthodox shifts across
political spectrums while championing enlightenment value.
In this era, it is
profoundly troubling that our society has abandoned the celebration of
intellectualism. The right accommodates religious extremism
through appeasement, while the left, paradoxically, has capitulated to unwittingly
ended up pandering to the most regressive elements. For many citizens, the
distinction between genuine intellectual inquiry and demeaning judgements has
become impossibly blurred, making honest discourse increasingly difficult.
We seek
inspiration from a memoir that boldly reflects the journey of a public
intellectual navigating the complex realms of politics, religion, culture and
human nature with courage and honesty. It embraces the fearless questioning of
beliefs and challenges established norms, guided by principles like Hitchens's
razor: "What can be asserted without evidence can also be dismissed
without evidence." This wisdom calls for rigor and skepticisms in our
pursuit of truth and understanding.
Friday, November 28, 2025
Part 3: भारत का Engine Revolution - Kaveri से लेकर 5th Gen Fighters तक
- विदेशों पर निर्भरता खत्म
- दूसरों को अपना engine का भी export कर सकता है
- सैन्य strength में स्वायत्तता आएगी
- International politics से भी आजाद रहेगा
- Fuel efficient (कम fuel, ज्यादा उड़ान)
- Stealth के लिए optimized
- High altitude पर भी काम कर सकता है
- 2026 तक: पहले prototypes की flight tests पूरी
- 2026-2030: Production capacity बढ़ाना
- 90-100 kN thrust (F404 जितना ही)
- Advanced alloys और single-crystal technology
- Better cooling systems
- More reliable और efficient
- 2025-2030: Major technology development (Safran के साथ)
- 2030-2035: Ground और flight testing
- 2035-2040: Tejas Mk1A में लगाए जाएँ
- India के engines से plane चले
- Maintenance भारत करेगा
- Long term में बहुत सस्ता पड़ेगा
- Long term partnership: France और भारत का रिश्ता बहुत मजबूत है
- Export potential: अगर engine सफल हो तो India से export हो सकते हैं
- China की competition: China भी अपना engine बना रहा है, तो France भी चाहता है कि India को support दे
- पहले prototypes बनेंगे
- Bench testing (जमीन पर)
- Flight testing अलग-अलग aircraft पर
- Indian test facilities में certification
- 120+ kN engines का mass production
- Export के लिए भी तैयारी
- भारतीय और अंतरराष्ट्रीय बाजार दोनों के लिए
- 5th generation के stealth UCAVs को power देगा
- High risk missions में जा सकते हैं (piloted fighter की जगह)
- Long endurance वाले operations
- Timeline: 2025-2032
- KDE (UCAV engine) का production शुरू
- Kaveri 2.0 का development पूरा
- Testing facilities upgrade
- Kaveri 2.0 Tejas में लगने शुरू
- Kaveri 3.0 के prototypes बनेंगे
- IAF को delivery बढ़ेगी
- Kaveri 3.0 production में आएगा
- AMCA पूरी तरह indigenous होगा
- Export करने लगेंगे
- स्वदेशी Engines: Kaveri 2.0 और 3.0 से independence आएगी
- Fighter Jet का Production: Tejas को 24-40 per year बना सकेंगे
- 5th Generation: AMCA से China-USA के बराबर technology हो जाएगी
- International Export: भारत अपने engines दूसरों को भी दे सकेगा
- Fast decisions: देरी न करो, decisions लो
- Increase funding: Defense budget बढ़ाओ
- Support private sector: HAL के साथ दूसरों को भी space दो
- Technology partnerships: Safran, Russia, Japan - सब के साथ काम करो
- Manpower development: Engineers, technicians को train करो
- अपना 5th generation engine
- अपना AMCA fighter
- International level की capability
- Geopolitical strength
- Export market भी
Part 2: India का Fighter Jet समाधान - Rafale, Tejas Mk2, और AMCA का रोडमैप
- Technology Transfer: Safran (जो Rafale के इंजन बनाता है) ने कहा है कि वह 100% technology transfer देगा। IAF को Rafale का high indigenization level और commonality with existing assets पसंद है, जबकि US platforms critical technology, source code, या operational aspects fully share नहीं करते, जिससे India independent servicing और upgrades नहीं कर पाता। अमेरिका ऐसा नहीं करता। F-35 या F-16 खरीदने पर भी अमेरिका source code नहीं देता। सब कुछ अपने पास रखता है।
- Maintenance Independence: Rafale से भारत आगे चलकर अपना हाल सँभाल सकेगा। नई Maintenance facility हैदराबाद में बनेगी। यानी भारत दूसरों पर निर्भर नहीं रहेगा।
- ऑपरेशन सिंदूर (May 2025) में Success: पाकिस्तान के साथ conflict में Rafales ने बहुत अच्छा प्रदर्शन किया। इनके Spectra Electronic Warfare सिस्टम ने बहुत कुछ सँभाला। लोगों को भरोसा आ गया Rafale पर।
- Historical Trust: भारत और फ्रांस के relationship अलग ही level के हैं। सब कुछ transparent रहा है। कोई hidden agenda नहीं।
- Ease in Procurement: India Rafale को installments में खरीदता है bulk orders के बजाय costs spread करने और inflation manage करने के लिए, जो budgetary constraints से match करता है लेकिन procurement pace पर questions उठाता है।
- Indian Navy Requirements: Indian Navy के fighter jets requirements Air Force से different हैं—naval Rafales को ship-based operations के लिए rigorous testing और design changes चाहिए।
- HAL को पूरी तरह restructure करने का अध्ययन
- Report लिखना कि कैसे HAL को modern बनाया जाए
- कैसे turnover बढ़ाया जाए
- कैसे private sector के साथ compete किया जाए
- Jet division अलग (Fighter jets के लिए)
- Helicopter division अलग
- Transport aircraft division अलग
- यह "Baby HALs" बनेंगे - जैसे AT&T को कई "Baby Bells" में divide किया था
- Management Academy को एक independent institute बना दो
- Aeronautical engineering पढ़ाए Managers को train करे
- Land को monetize करना
- AMCA के लिए Tata, L&T को bid करने दो
- Rafale के fuselage के लिए Tata को contract दो
- Faster Delivery: Production speed बढ़ेगी
- Better Quality: Division system से focus बेहतर होगा
- More Revenue: Land monetize करने से funds आएंगे
- Competition: Private sector के साथ competition से innovation आएगी
- Modernization: Old systems बदलेंगे, नए आएंगे
- Export Ready: अगर HAL efficient हो गया तो export भी कर सकता है
- पहली खरीद: 83 विमान (2021 में approve हुई)
- दूसरी खरीद: 97 विमान (August 2025 में approve हुई)
- 2025-26: 12 जेट्स
- 2027-2032: धीरे-धीरे बढ़ेंगे
- 2032 तक: सब 180 विमान आ जाएँ
- Engine की कमी (GE F404-IN20 की delivery delayed है)
- HAL की production speed अभी भी कम है
- Quality control issues हैं कुछ
Tejas Mk2: अगला कदम
Tejas Mk2 एक upgraded और stronger version होगा। यह Jaguar, Mirage 2000, और MiG-29 को replace करेगा।
क्या खास है इसमें?
- बड़ा फ्यूजलेज (लंबा विमान)
- ज्यादा fuel capacity
- ज्यादा powerful engine (GE F414)
- Advanced radar और sensors
- भारतीय missiles को integrate कर सकते हैं
- 82% से भी ज्यादा "भारतीय"
- 2026: पहला prototype के लिए
- 2029: पहली उड़ान
- 2030-2035: production शुरू
- शुरुआत में: 120 विमान
- भविष्य में: 300 तक बढ़ सकते हैं
AMCA का मतलब है Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft। यह भारत का अपना 5th generation fighter jet होगा - बिना किसी विदेशी मदद के (या कम से कम designed भारत द्वारा)।
क्या है AMCA? Single seat, twin engine, stealth design. 5th generation fighter जो F-22 Raptor (USA) और J-20 (China) जैसे हो | क्या खास होगा?
- पूरी तरह भारतीय design
- इंजन भी भारतीय (बाद में)
- 55,000 feet height तक उड़ सकेगा
- Internal weapons bay (stealth के लिए जरूरी)
- 5,500 kg तक external weapons ले सकेगा
- Advanced radar और AI systems
- May 2025: Government approval मिल गई
- 2028-2029: Prototype rollout
- 2029: पहली उड़ान
- 2032: Certification
- 2034: IAF को delivery शुरू
- 2035 onwards: Mass production
कितने बनेंगे?
- पहले 5 prototype (testing के लिए)
- फिर 7 squadrons (120-140 विमान)
- भविष्य में और भी
यहाँ एक बड़ी समस्या है - भारत सब्र नहीं कर सकता। 2030 के बाद Jaguar retire होंगे। तब तक Tejas Mk2 भी नहीं आ सकता। यह gap dangerous है। क्या करें?
- Rafale (114) जल्दी आ जाएँ
- Tejas Mk1A की delivery तेज हो
- Su-57 पर भी निर्णय लो (अगर जरूरत हो)
- Tejas Mk2 को सबसे ज्यादा priority दो
Part 1: भारतीय वायुसेना का संकट - GE Engine Delays, HAL Monopoly और Squadron Strength की समस्या
क्या है Indian Air Force के साथ गड़बड़?
- Technology Transfer का झगड़ा : भारत चाहता है कि कम से कम 80-100% technology transfer हो ताकि भारत आगे जा सके। GE हमेशा कुछ बातें रोक कर रखता है - source code, manufacturing के secrets, सब कुछ पूरा नहीं देता। यह भारत की आत्मनिर्भरता में रोड़ा अटकाता है।
- कीमत का सवाल: कितना दाम दिया जाए, कितनी मात्रा कब तक deliveries हो - ये सब कुछ लड़ाई है।
- US Export Controls: अमेरिका की एक्सपोर्ट policy है - सब किसी को नहीं दे सकते। Political tensions, sanctions, ये सब चलती रहती है। हिंदुस्तान के लिए भी rules बदल जाते हैं।
- Supply Chain की समस्या: दुनिया में कोविड के बाद से सब कुछ दिक्कत में है। इसी वजह से भारत अब France के Safran कंपनी को भी देखने लगा है। Tejas Mk2 के इंजन के लिए Safran एक विकल्प बन सकता है।
- MiG-21 की Retirement: भारत ने अपने सबसे पुराने विमान MiG-21 को रिटायर कर दिया। ये लड़ाकू विमान 60 साल पुराने हो गए थे। इसके बाद से ही numbers गिरने लगे।
- Tejas Mk1A की धीमी डिलीवरी: Tejas Mk1A को भारत का भविष्य माना जाता था। लेकिन 2025-26 में सिर्फ 12 aircraft ही मिलने हैं। इंजन की कमी इसका सबब है। HAL की नई production line 24 जेट्स सालाना बना सकती है, पर इंजन न मिलने से वो भी बेकार है।
- Future में और भी गिरावट: Jaguar aircraft (जो भारत के पास एकमात्र मध्यम दूरी का बमवर्षक है) को 2030 से रिटायर करना है। फिर: MiG-29UPG: 2033-2037 में रिटायर होंगे | Mirage 2000: 2035 के बाद रिटायर होंगे | इन सबके रिटायरमेंट के बाद, अगर नए जेट्स न आएं तो numbers और भी गिरेंगे।
- 2030 से: Jaguar DARIN I और II को phase out करना शुरू
- 2033-2037: MiG-29UPG को भी retire करेंगे
- 2035 के बाद: Mirage 2000H और बाकी Jaguar DARIN-III
- 114 और Rafale जेट्स
- संभव है कि Su-57 भी खरीदे (Russia से)
- Tejas Mk2 को भी जल्दी से तैयार करना है
- Global Average: 2.5%
- Pakistan: 4.0% (अपनी छोटी economy में भी इतना खर्च करता है!)
- USA: 3.5%
- China: 1.7% (लेकिन absolute numbers में कहीं ज्यादा)
- सभी लड़ाकू जेट्स (Tejas, MiG-21, MiG-27, Jaguar, Su-30MKI)
- सभी helicopters (Prachanda, Dhruv, आदि)
- Transport aircraft
- Trainers और दूसरे aircraft
- Order book: ₹2.52 लाख करोड़ (2.52 trillion rupees!).
- Turnover (yearly sales): सिर्फ ₹32,000 करोड़
- Tejas Mk1A (First Batch): ₹36,400 crores - 2024 तक deliver होने थे, अब 2026 में हो सकते हैं
- Tejas Mk1A (Second Batch): ₹63,000 crores (97 विमान) - Sept 2025 को order
- Prachanda Helicopters: 156 helicopters - Army को 90, Air Force को 66
- Advanced Light Helicopter Civilian: 34 helicopters - ₹873 crores
- Navy Dornier Upgrade: ₹2,890 crores
- Slow Production: HAL सालाना सिर्फ 24 Tejas बना सकता है, जबकि IAF को 35-40 चाहिए
- Integration Issues: Engines मिल जाते हैं, पर उन्हें aircraft के साथ integrate करना मुश्किल है
- Quality Control: हर aircraft को carefully test करना पड़ता है
- Bottleneck: सब कुछ HAL के हाथों में है, कहीं और नहीं बन सकता
- Private companies को भी Tejas के parts बनाने दो
- More sub-contractors
- Supply chain को improve करो
- Advanced Light Helicopter: शर्मनाक Story
- Order book: ₹2.52 लाख करोड़
- Turnover: ₹32,000 करोड़
- Ratio: 8:1 (8 गुना!)
- Incentive: HAL को तेजी से produce करने के लिए encourage करता है
- Quality: जब HAL अपनी orders deliver करेगा, तो turnover बढ़ेगा
- Competition: Private companies को भी मौका देता है AMCA के लिए
- Reform: Government HAL को reform करने के लिए force कर रहा है
- 2 साल की delay (2024 से 2026)
- अभी भी सिर्फ 38 विमान deliver हुए हैं (कुल 40 के पहले order में से 2 अभी बाकी हैं) (two-seater trainers)
- Engine delays: GE से engines नहीं मिल रहे
- Avionics integration: Indian radar, electronic warfare systems को aircraft में fit करना मुश्किल है
- Quality control: हर jet को बार-बार test करना पड़ता है
- Supplier issues: Parts और materials की कमी







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