Books read in 2017
In the brief prose piece, The Four Cycles, Jorge Luis Borges wrote that there are only four stories in the world: the story of war, the story of return, the story of search, and the story of sacrifice (Troy, Ulysses, Jason, Christ). If Borges is right, then literature is not a museum of endless novelty so much as a chamber of recurring forms. What changes is not the underlying plot of human life, but the cultural machinery that gives those plots their authority—what makes war feel righteous, return feel inevitable, search feel sacred, sacrifice feel meaningful. That machinery is very often myth. Rich cultures—with their myths, religious narratives, heroic histories, and rituals—offer especially thick symbolic resources to legitimize rule, sacralize authority, and frame dissent as betrayal of the civilization itself. Mythical stories such as these refuse to see the past as fundamentally different from the present. People accept and assimilate myths, they act on the myths, and the myths ...